AbdulAlhazred
Legend
To the OP, I have to say that, yes, Artificer looks like a good fit. Layer on the alchemy feat and theme mentioned above and it should be fairly evocative.
The idea of a re-skinned Elemental Sorcerer fits the players stated desired role, but might not fit concept because of the emphasis on CHA instead of INT. It'd be nice to split the difference somehow, but that'd stray out into the realm of extensive house ruling or even a new class - I doubt an Alchemist-Theme Artificer|Sorcerer would shake out as desired.
As far as alchemical items are concerned, the fact their consumables leaves them 'needing' to be underwhelming for balance reasons.
Rather than trying to gussy up the items, you could tie the alchemical items to powers.
Consider starting with the Elemental Sorcerer, but with two major changes: 1) Swap INT for CHA as the primary stat. 2) Use alchemical items in place of Implements: The alchemical would provide an enhancement bonus based on it's level, and add/replace it's keywords when used for an at-will, and also add it's riders when used for elemental escalation. Just a random thought.
Now that's an interesting thought, to leverage on the Implement rules for other 'tools of the trade'. You could also do it another way, make an "Alchemists Toolkit" or "Magical Alembic" or whatever you wanted to call it, which has an enhancement bonus, which is applied to the alchemical items made with it. That would be a VERY minor bit of homebrew really.